Average multiplicative orders of elements modulo $n$

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Florian Luca, Igor E. Shparlinski Acta Arithmetica 109 (2003), 387-411 MSC: Primary 11N37, 11N64; Secondary 20K01. DOI: 10.4064/aa109-4-7

Florian LucaInstituto de Matemáticas
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
C.P. 58180, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Igor E. ShparlinskiDepartment of Computing
Macquarie University
Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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