The Riemann hypothesis for period polynomials of cusp forms
Volume 218 / 2025
Abstract
We consider the period polynomials $r_f(z)$ associated with cusp forms $f$ of weight $k$ on all of $\mathrm {SL}_2(\mathbb {Z})$, which are the generating functions for the critical $L$-values of the modular $L$-function associated to $f$. In 2014, El-Guindy and Raji proved that if $f$ is an eigenform, then $r_f(z)$ satisfies a “Riemann hypothesis” in the sense that all its zeros lie on the natural boundary of its functional equation. We show that this phenomenon is not restricted to eigenforms, and we provide large natural infinite families of cusp forms whose period polynomials almost always satisfy the Riemann hypothesis. For example, we show that for weights $k \geq 120$, linear combinations of eigenforms with positive coefficients always have unimodular period polynomials.
