Composants of the horseshoe
Volume 144 / 1994
Fundamenta Mathematicae 144 (1994), 231-241
DOI: 10.4064/fm-144-3-231-241
Abstract
The horseshoe or bucket handle continuum, defined as the inverse limit of the tent map, is one of the standard examples in continua theory as well as in dynamical systems. It is not arcwise connected. Its arcwise components coincide with composants, and with unstable manifolds in the dynamical setting. Knaster asked whether these composants are all homeomorphic, with the obvious exception of the zero composant. Partial results were obtained by Bellamy (1979), Dębski and Tymchatyn (1987), and Aarts and Fokkink (1991). We answer Knaster's question in the affirmative. The main tool is a very simple type of symbolic dynamics for the horseshoe and related continua.
