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Abstract

Let L be a positive Rockland operator of homogeneous degree d on a graded homogeneous group G and let $p_t$ be the convolution kernels of the semigroup generated by L. We prove that if τ(x) is a Riemannian distance of x from the unit element, then there are constants c>0 and C such that $|p_1(x)| ≤ Cexp(-cτ(x)^{d/(d-1)})$. Moreover, if G is not stratified, more precise estimates of $p_1$ at infinity are given.